Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician and physicist, who was famous for his gravitational law and was an essential instrument in the revolution of science in the 1600's.
Isaac Newton was born on the 4th January, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, to father; Isaac Newton and Hannah Ayscough Newton. His father died three months before his birth, and at the age of 3, Newton's mother left him and grandmother to live with her remarried husband, leaving an increasable mark of on Newton, that stayed with him his entire life. At the age of 12, Isaac Newton and his mother were again united after her second husband died, bringing 3 of her own young children from her second marriage. Newton was then sent to the King's School in Grantham, Lincolnshire, where he met a local chest of the time, where his love for chemistry began. His mother pulled him out of school to become a farmer, however, he failed at this task and went back to school to complete his basic education. Newton's uncle; a University of Cambridge's Trinity College graduate persuaded his mother to allow him enter university and when he arrived at Cambridge, the 17th century Scientific Revolution was already in full swing and the heliocentric theory was well known throughout Europe. At Cambridge, Newton was interested in advanced areas of science and he spent his time reading the writings of modern philosophy. Due to the Great Plague in 1665, Cambridge University was closed and Isaac Newton went home to complete his private study about infinitesimal calculus, that he included in his Principia, in 1687. It was at this time that Newton experiences his falling apple-gravity inspiration. Newton returned back to university in 1667 and was never considered an outstanding student until then and received his Master of Arts degree in 1669, at the young age of 26. Newton lectured at Universities and used his reflecting telescope that he designed and built in 1668 to assist his teachings. He used his invention to prove his light and colour theory, and published his notes on light and colour in 1672. However, Newton's theories were attacked by fellow philosophers and scientists such as Hooke, who criticised his ideas. As he could not handle the criticism, Newton had a mental breakdown after many years of competing with Hooke and after his mothers death, he was left as a lonely man. Newton published his Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687, which is the most influential book on physics and all of science and includes all principle concepts of physics except energy. Hooke accused Newton of plagiarism and was bitter towards Newton until Hooke's death in 1703, and Newton became the president of the Royal Society. In 1705, Newton was knighted by the Queen Anne of England, giving Newton a powerful career in politics and influence. Closer to the end of his life, Newton lived in Winchester, England, and was one of the most famous men in Europe at the time and his discoveries were no longer challenged. By the age of 80, Isaac Newton began having digestion issues and on March 31, 1727, he died at the age of 84.